8.1 General.

8.1.1 Minimum Requirements.

8.1.1.1

This chapter shall provide the minimum requirements for the routine inspection, testing, and maintenance of fire pump assemblies installed in accordance with NFPA 20 or other approved installation standard.

8.1.1.2

The minimum frequency of inspection, testing, and maintenance shall be in accordance with the manufacturer’s recommendations and Table 8.1.1.2.

8.1.1.2.1

Shaft movement or end play shall be inspected annually with the pump operating.

8.1.1.2.2 Electrical Connections.

8.1.1.2.2.1

Electrical connections shall be inspected annually and repaired as necessary to the extent that such work can be completed without opening an energized electric-motor-driven fire pump controller.

8.1.1.2.2.2

The isolating switch in the fire pump controller that is located in a separate compartment from the other controller components shall be permitted to be used to meet the requirement of 8.1.1.2.2.1.

8.1.1.2.3

Pump and motor bearings and couplings shall be greased annually or as required.

8.1.1.2.4 Printed Circuit Boards.

8.1.1.2.4.1

Printed circuit boards (PCBs) shall be inspected annually for corrosion to the extent that such work can be completed without opening an energized electric-motor-driven fire pump controller. (See A.‍8.1.1.2.2.2.)

             A.8.1.1.2.2.2 Some manufacturers are including an isolation switch upstream of all   controller components in an isolated sub-cabinet as part of the controller. This    permits de-energizing the circuit boards and other controller components and     allows the controller to be opened for ITM activities.

8.1.1.2.4.2

The isolating switch in the fire pump controller that is located in a separate compartment from the other controller components shall be permitted to be used to meet the requirement of 8.1.1.2.4.1. (See A.‍8.1.1.2.2.1.)

             A.8.1.1.2.2.1 Where available, a disconnect switch upstream of the fire pump            controller can be opened and the isolated electrical connections inside the electric-                     motor-driven controller inspected. In some cases the fire pump controller cannot be           isolated without shutting off power to the building, and shutting off power to the building could be impractical.

8.1.1.2.5 Cable and Wire Insulation.

8.1.1.2.5.1

Cable and/or wire insulation shall be inspected annually for cracking to the extent that such work can be completed without opening an energized electric-motor-driven fire pump controller. (See A.‍8.1.1.2.2.2.)

             A.8.1.1.2.2.2 Some manufacturers are including an isolation switch upstream of all   controller components in an isolated sub-cabinet as part of the controller. This    permits de-energizing the circuit boards and other controller components and     allows the controller to be opened for ITM activities.

8.1.1.2.5.2

The isolating switch in the fire pump controller that is located in a separate compartment from the other controller components shall be permitted to be used to meet the requirement of 8.1.1.2.5.1. (See A.‍8.1.1.2.2.1.)

             A.8.1.1.2.2.1 Where available, a disconnect switch upstream of the fire pump            controller can be opened and the isolated electrical connections inside the electric-                     motor-driven controller inspected. In some cases the fire pump controller cannot be           isolated without shutting off power to the building, and shutting off power to the building could be impractical.

8.1.1.2.6 Plumbing.

8.1.1.2.6.1

Plumbing parts, both inside and outside of electrical panels, shall be inspected annually for any leaks to the extent that such work can be completed without opening an energized electric-motor-driven fire pump controller. (See A.‍8.1.1.2.2.2.)

             A.8.1.1.2.2.2 Some manufacturers are including an isolation switch upstream of all   controller components in an isolated sub-cabinet as part of the controller. This    permits de-energizing the circuit boards and other controller components and     allows the controller to be opened for ITM activities.

8.1.1.2.6.2

The isolating switch in the fire pump controller that is located in a separate compartment from the other controller components shall be permitted to be used to meet the requirement of 8.1.1.2.6.1. (See A.‍8.1.1.2.2.1.)

             A.8.1.1.2.2.1 Where available, a disconnect switch upstream of the fire pump            controller can be opened and the isolated electrical connections inside the electric-                     motor-driven controller inspected. In some cases the fire pump controller cannot be           isolated without shutting off power to the building, and shutting off power to the building could be impractical.

8.1.1.2.7

Fuel tanks, float switches, and supervisory signals for interstitial space shall be tested quarterly for liquid intrusion.

8.1.1.2.8

Supervisory signal circuitry shall be tested annually for high cooling water temperature.

8.1.1.2.9

Fuel tanks shall be tested annually for water and foreign materials.

8.1.1.2.10

Fuel tank vents and overflow piping shall be inspected annually for any obstructions.

8.1.1.2.11

All flexible hoses and connections shall be inspected annually for cracks and leaks.

8.1.1.2.12

Engine crankcase breathers shall be inspected quarterly.

8.1.1.2.13

Exhaust systems, drain condensate traps, and silencers shall be inspected annually.

8.1.1.2.14

Back pressure on the engine turbos shall be measured annually.

8.1.1.2.15

Batteries shall be checked annually as follows:

1.      Test the specific gravity, state of charge, and charger rates of the batteries

2.      Clean the terminals of any corrosion

3.      Ensure that the cranking voltage exceeds 9 V on a 12 V system or 18 V on a 24 V system

4.      Ensure that only distilled water is used in batteries

8.1.1.2.16 Inspections of Controls and Power Wire Connections.

8.1.1.2.16.1

All controls and power wiring connections shall be inspected annually and repaired as necessary to the extent that such work can be completed without opening an energized electric-motor-driven fire pump controller. (See A.‍8.1.1.2.2.2.)

             A.8.1.1.2.2.2 Some manufacturers are including an isolation switch upstream of all   controller components in an isolated sub-cabinet as part of the controller. This    permits de-energizing the circuit boards and other controller components and     allows the controller to be opened for ITM activities.

8.1.1.2.16.2

The isolating switch in the fire pump controller that is located in a separate compartment from the other controller components shall be permitted to be used to meet the requirement of 8.1.1.2.16.1. (See A.‍8.1.1.2.2.1.)

             A.8.1.1.2.2.1 Where available, a disconnect switch upstream of the fire pump            controller can be opened and the isolated electrical connections inside the electric-     motor-driven controller inspected. In some cases the fire pump controller cannot be   isolated without shutting off power to the building, and shutting off power to the building could be impractical.

8.1.1.2.17

Lubricating oil in engines shall be changed every 50 hours of operation or annually.

8.1.1.2.18

Lubricating oil filters shall be changed every 50 hours of operation or annually.

8.1.1.2.19

Fuel filters shall be changed annually.

8.1.1.2.20

When necessary, fuel filters shall be changed more frequently in accordance with the manufacturer's recommendations.

8.1.1.2.21

The condition of sacrificial anodes shall be inspected annually and replaced as necessary.

8.1.1.2.22

Circulating water filters shall be replaced annually.

8.1.1.2.23

The accuracy of pressure gauges and sensors shall be inspected annually and replaced or recalibrated when more than 5 percent out of calibration to the extent that such work can be completed without opening an energized electric-motor-driven fire pump controller. (See A.‍8.1.1.2.2.2.)

             A.8.1.1.2.2.2 Some manufacturers are including an isolation switch upstream of all   controller components in an isolated sub-cabinet as part of the controller. This    permits de-energizing the circuit boards and other controller components and     allows the controller to be opened for ITM activities.

8.1.1.2.23.1

The isolating switch in the fire pump controller that is located in a separate compartment from the other controller components shall be permitted to be used to meet the requirement of 8.1.1.2.23. (See A.‍8.1.1.2.2.1.)

             A.8.1.1.2.2.1 Where available, a disconnect switch upstream of the fire pump            controller can be opened and the isolated electrical connections inside the electric-     motor-driven controller inspected. In some cases the fire pump controller cannot be   isolated without shutting off power to the building, and shutting off power to the building could be impractical.

8.1.1.2.23.2

If replacement or recalibration is required, proper personal protective equipment in accordance with NFPA 70E or an approved equivalent shall be used.

8.1.1.2.24

Power transmitting components used in pump drives that include elastomeric materials, such as torsional couplings, shall be replaced every 5 years or as required by the component manufacturer for a specific elastomeric material.

8.1.2 Common Components and Valves.

Common components and valves shall be inspected, tested, and maintained in accordance with Chapter 13.

8.1.3 Obstruction Investigations.

The procedures outlined in Chapter 14 shall be followed where there is a need to conduct an obstruction investigation.

8.1.4 Auxiliary Equipment.

The pump assembly auxiliary equipment shall include the following:

1.      Pump accessories as follows:

a.      Pump shaft coupling

b.     Automatic air release valve

c.      Pressure gauges

d.     Circulation relief valve (not used in conjunction with diesel engine drive with heat exchanger)

2.      Pump test device(s)

3.      Pump relief valve and piping (where maximum pump discharge pressure exceeds the rating of the system components or the driver is of variable speed)

4.      Alarm sensors and indicators

5.      Right-angle gear sets (for engine-driven vertical shaft turbine pumps)

6.      Pressure maintenance (jockey) pump and accessories

8.1.5 Water Supply to Pump Suction.

8.1.5.1

The suction supply for the fire pump shall provide the required flow at or above the lowest permissible suction pressure to meet the system demand.

8.1.5.2

Those installations for which NFPA 20 permitted negative suction gauge pressures at the time of pump installation, where the system demand still can be met by the pump and water supply, shall be considered to be in compliance with 8.1.5.

8.1.6 Energy Source.

The energy sources for the pump driver shall supply the necessary brake horsepower of the driver so that the pump meets system demand.

8.1.7 Driver.

The pump driver shall not overload beyond its rating (including any service factor allowance) when delivering the necessary brake horsepower.

8.1.8 Controller.

Automatic and manual controllers for applying the energy source to the driver shall be capable of providing this operation for the type of pump used.

8.1.9 Impairments.

The procedures outlined in Chapter 15 shall be followed where an impairment to protection occurs.

8.2 Inspection.

8.2.1

The purpose of inspection shall be to verify that the pump assembly appears to be in operating condition and is free from physical damage.

8.2.2

The pertinent visual observations specified in the following checklists shall be performed weekly:

1.      Pump house conditions are determined as follows:

a.      Heat is adequate, not less than 40°F (4°C) for pump room with electric motor or diesel engine–driven pumps with engine heaters.

b.     Heat is adequate, not less than 70°F (21°C) for pump room with diesel engine–driven pumps without engine heaters.

c.      Ventilating louvers are free to operate.

d.     Excessive water does not collect on the floor.

e.      Coupling guard is in place.

2.      Pump system conditions are determined as follows:

a.      Pump suction and discharge and bypass valves are fully open.

b.     Piping is free of leaks.

c.      Suction line pressure gauge reading is within acceptable range.

d.     System line pressure gauge reading is within acceptable range.

e.      Suction reservoir has the required water level.

f.        Wet pit suction screens are unobstructed and in place.

g.      Waterflow test valves are in the closed position, the hose connection valve is closed, and the line to test valves is free of water.

3.      Electrical system conditions are determined as follows:

a.      Controller pilot light (power on) is illuminated.

b.     Transfer switch normal pilot light is illuminated.

c.      Isolating switch is closed — standby (emergency) source.

d.     Reverse phase alarm pilot light is off, or normal phase rotation pilot light is on.

e.      Oil level in vertical motor sight glass is within acceptable range.

f.        Power to pressure maintenance (jockey) pump is provided.

4.      Diesel engine system conditions are determined as follows:

a.      Fuel tank is at least two-thirds full.

b.     Controller selector switch is in auto position.

c.      Batteries’ (2) voltage readings are within acceptable range.

d.     Batteries’ (2) charging current readings are within acceptable range.

e.      Batteries’ (2) pilot lights are on or battery failure (2) pilot lights are off.

f.        All alarm pilot lights are off.

g.      Engine running time meter is reading.

h.      Oil level in right angle gear drive is within acceptable range.

i.        Crankcase oil level is within acceptable range.

j.        Cooling water level is within acceptable range.

k.      Electrolyte level in batteries is within acceptable range.

l.        Battery terminals are free from corrosion.

m.   Water-jacket heater is operating.

5.      Steam system conditions: Steam pressure gauge reading is within acceptable range.

8.3 Testing.

8.3.1 Frequency.

8.3.1.1

A no-flow test shall be conducted for diesel engine–driven fire pumps on a test frequency in accordance with 8.3.1.1.1 or 8.3.1.1.2.

8.3.1.1.1

Except as permitted in 8.3.1.1.2, a weekly test frequency shall be required.

8.3.1.1.2

The test frequency shall be permitted to be established by an approved risk analysis.

8.3.1.2

A no-flow test shall be conducted for electric motor–driven fire pumps on a test frequency in accordance with 8.3.1.2.1, 8.3.1.2.2, 8.3.1.2.3, or 8.3.1.2.4.

8.3.1.2.1

Except as permitted in 8.3.1.2.2 and 8.3.1.2.3, a weekly test frequency shall be required for the following electric fire pumps:

1.      Fire pumps that serve fire protection systems in buildings that are beyond the pumping capacity of the fire department

2.      Fire pumps with limited service controllers

3.      Vertical turbine fire pumps

4.      Fire pumps taking suction from ground level tanks or a water source that does not provide sufficient pressure to be of material value without the pump

8.3.1.2.2

A monthly test frequency shall be permitted for electric fire pumps not identified in 8.3.1.2.1.

8.3.1.2.3

A monthly test frequency shall be permitted for electric fire pump systems having a redundant fire pump.

8.3.1.2.4

The test frequency shall be permitted to be established by an approved risk analysis.

8.3.1.3

An annual flow test shall be conducted in accordance with 8.3.3.

8.3.2 No-Flow Test.

8.3.2.1

A no-flow test of fire pump assemblies shall be conducted in accordance with 8.3.2.

8.3.2.1.1

Except as permitted in 8.3.2.1.2 and 8.3.2.1.3, a main pressure relief valve (where installed) shall be permitted to weep but not discharge a significant quantity of water.

8.3.2.1.1.1

Except as required in 8.3.2.1.1.2, the circulation relief valve shall discharge a small flow of water.

8.3.2.1.1.2

The circulation relief valve shall not operate when the flow through the main pressure relief valve is greater than weeping.

8.3.2.1.2

For fire pump installations that were installed under a standard (1993 and earlier editions of NFPA 20) that did not prohibit a design that required operation of a pressure relief valve to keep the discharge pressure below the rating of the system components, the pressure relief valve shall be permitted to operate as designed during a no-flow test.

8.3.2.1.2.1

The pressure readings on the discharge and suction gauges shall be recorded, and a pressure difference that is greater than 95 percent of the rated pump pressure shall be investigated and corrected.

8.3.2.1.2.2

The discharge temperature of the water shall be monitored and the pump shut down if necessary to prevent exposing the pump and/or driver to excessive temperatures.

8.3.2.1.3

For positive displacement pumps, the pressure relief valve shall operate during a no-flow test.

8.3.2.1.3.1

Where the pressure relief valve is piped back to suction, the pump circulation relief valve shall not operate.

8.3.2.1.3.2

On electric motor and radiator cooled engine drives, a circulation pressure relief valve located downstream of the main pressure relief valve shall discharge sufficient water to prevent overheating of the pump.

8.3.2.2

The test shall be conducted by starting the pump automatically.

8.3.2.3

The electric pump shall run a minimum of 10 minutes.

8.3.2.4

The diesel pump shall run a minimum of 30 minutes.

8.3.2.5

A valve installed to open as a safety feature shall be permitted to discharge water.

8.3.2.6

An automatic timer that meets 8.3.2.6.1 through 8.3.2.6.3 shall be permitted to be substituted for the starting procedure.

8.3.2.6.1

A solenoid valve drain on the pressure control line shall be the initiating means for a pressure-actuated controller.

8.3.2.6.2

In a pressure-actuated controller, performance of this program timer shall be recorded as a pressure drop indication on the pressure recorder.

8.3.2.6.3

In a non-pressure-actuated controller, the test shall be permitted to be initiated by means other than a solenoid valve.

8.3.2.7

Qualified personnel shall be in attendance whenever the pump is in operation unless automated inspection and testing is performed in accordance with 8.3.2.10 including the provision for automated engine shutdown indicated in 8.3.2.10.3 for diesel engine drives.

8.3.2.7.1

The use of the automatic timer allowed in 8.3.2.6 shall not eliminate the requirement of 8.3.2.7 to have qualified personnel present during the test.

8.3.2.8

The pertinent visual observations and adjustments specified in the following checklists shall be conducted while the pump is not running:

1.      Record the system suction and discharge pressure gauge readings.

2.      For pumps that use electronic pressure sensors to control the fire pump operation, record the current pressure and the highest and lowest pressure shown on the fire pump controller event log where such information is available without having to open an energized electric motor–driven fire pump controller.

3.      If the highest or lowest pressure is outside of the expected range, record all information from the event log that helps identify the abnormality.

8.3.2.9

The pertinent visual observations or adjustments specified in the following checklists shall be conducted while the pump is running:

1.      Pump system procedure is as follows:

a.      Record the pump starting pressure from the pressure switch or pressure transducer.

b.     Record the system suction and discharge pressure gauge readings.

c.      Inspect the pump packing glands for slight discharge.

d.     Adjust gland nuts if necessary.

e.      Inspect for unusual noise or vibration.

f.        Inspect packing boxes, bearings, or pump casing for overheating.

g.      Record pressure switch or pressure transducer reading and compare to the pump discharge gauge.

h.      For pumps that use electronic pressure sensors to control the fire pump operation, record the current pressure and the highest and the lowest pressure shown on the fire pump controller event log.

i.        For electric motor and radiator cooled diesel pumps, check the circulation relief valve for operation to discharge water.

2.      Electrical system procedure is as follows:

a.      Observe the time for motor to accelerate to full speed.

b.     Record the time controller is on first step (for reduced voltage or reduced current starting).

c.      Record the time pump runs after starting (for automatic stop controllers).

3.      Diesel engine system procedure is as follows:

a.      Observe the time for engine to crank.

b.     Observe the time for engine to reach running speed.

c.      Observe the engine oil pressure gauge, speed indicator, water, and oil temperature indicators periodically while engine is running.

d.     Record any abnormalities.

e.      Inspect the heat exchanger for cooling waterflow.

4.      Steam system procedure is as follows:

a.      Record the steam pressure gauge reading.

b.     Observe the time for turbine to reach running speed.

8.3.2.10 Remotely Monitored Automated Testing.

8.3.2.10.1

Remotely monitored automated testing performed in accordance with 4.6.6 shall be permitted for the no-flow test.

8.3.2.10.2

All of the pertinent observations or adjustments specified in the checklists described in 8.3.2.8 and 8.3.2.9 shall be performed.

8.3.2.10.2.1

Any abnormalities shall be recorded.

8.3.2.10.2.2

If, during the automated test, it becomes apparent that the packing gland nuts need to be adjusted as descri⁠bed in 8.3.2.9(1)(d), the need for adjustment shall be recorded and the necessary adjustment shall be made by qualified personnel.

8.3.2.10.3

The controller for a diesel engine–driven fire pump shall be equipped with automatic engine shutdown as referenced in 12.7.2.7 of NFPA 20.

8.3.2.10.4

Qualified personnel shall be able to respond to the pump location upon abnormal condition within 4 hours.

8.3.3 Annual Flow Testing.

8.3.3.1

Except as permitted in 8.3.3.4, an annual test of each constant speed pump assembly shall be conducted by qualified personnel under no-flow (churn), rated flow, and 150 percent of the pump rated capacity flow of the fire pump by controlling the quantity of water discharged through approved test devices.

8.3.3.2

Except as permitted in 8.3.3.4, an annual test of each variable-speed pump assembly shall be conducted by qualified personnel under variable-speed control under no-flow (churn), 25 percent, 50 percent, 75 percent, 100 percent, 125 percent, and 150 percent of the rated pump capacity flow of the fire pump by controlling the quantity of water discharge through approved test devices.

8.3.3.3

Except as permitted in 8.3.3.4, an annual test of each variable speed pump assembly shall be conducted by qualified personnel under constant speed control under no-flow (churn), 100 percent rate, and 150 percent of the pump rated capacity flow of the fire pump by controlling the quantity of water discharged through approved test devices.

8.3.3.4

If available suction supplies do not allow flowing of 150 percent of the rated pump capacity, the fire pump shall be tested at flow rates at 100 percent of the rated pump flow rate, and at the maximum flow allowed at the lowest permissible suction pressure.

8.3.3.5 Test Equipment.

Calibrated test equipment shall be provided to determine net pump pressures, rate of flow through the pump, and speed.

8.3.3.5.1

Gauges, transducers, and other devices used for measurement during the test shall bear a label with the latest date of calibration.

8.3.3.5.2

Gauges, transducers, and devices other than flow meters  that are used for measurement during the test shall be calibrated at least annually to an accuracy level of ±1 percent.

8.3.3.5.3

Flow meters shall be calibrated annually to an accuracy level of ±3 percent.

8.3.3.6

Discharge and sensing orifices that can be visually observed without disassembling equipment, piping, or valves shall be visually inspected and be free of damage and obstructions that could affect the accuracy of the measurement.

8.3.3.7

The sensing/measuring elements in a flow meter shall be calibrated in accordance with 8.3.3.5.

8.3.3.8

Discharge orifices shall be listed or constructed to a recognized standard with a known discharge coefficient.

8.3.3.9

The annual test shall be conducted as follows:

1.      The arrangement described in 8.3.3.9.1 or 8.3.3.9.2 shall be used at a minimum of every third year.

2.      The arrangement described in 8.3.3.9.3 shall be permitted to be used 2 out of every 3 years.

8.3.3.9.1 Use of Pump Discharge via Hose Streams.

8.3.3.9.1.1

Pump suction and discharge pressures and the flow measurements of each hose stream shall determine the total pump output.

8.3.3.9.1.2

Prior to flow testing, the entity performing testing shall make the owner or their representative aware of the location, approximate flow rate, and duration of flow testing.

8.3.3.9.2 Use of Pump Discharge via Bypass Flowmeter to Drain or Suction Reservoir.

Pump suction and discharge pressures and the flowmeter measurements shall determine the total pump output.

8.3.3.9.3 Use of Pump Discharge via Bypass Flowmeter to Pump Suction (Closed-Loop Metering).

8.3.3.9.3.1

Pump suction and discharge pressures and the flowmeter measurements shall determine the total pump output.

8.3.3.9.3.2

When testing includes recirculating water back to the fire pump suction, the temperature of the recirculating water shall be monitored to verify that it remains below temperatures that could result in equipment damage as defined by the pump and engine manufacturers.

8.3.3.9.3.3

If the test results are not consistent with the previous annual test, the test shall be repeated using the test arrangement described in 8.3.3.9.1.

8.3.3.9.3.4

If testing in accordance with 8.3.3.9.1 is not possible, a flowmeter calibration shall be performed and the test shall be repeated.

8.3.3.10

The pertinent visual observations, measurements, and adjustments specified in the following checklists shall be conducted annually while the pump is running and flowing water under the specified output condition:

1.      At no-flow condition (churn), the procedure is as follows:

a.      Inspect the circulation relief valve for operation to discharge water

b.     Inspect the pressure relief valve (if installed) for proper operation

2.      At each flow condition, the procedure is as follows:

a.      Where an external means is provided on the controller, record the electric motor voltage and current (all lines)

b.     Record the pump speed in rpm

c.      Record the simultaneous (approximate) readings of pump suction and discharge pressures and pump discharge flow

3.      For electric motor–driven pumps, do not shut down the pump until it has run for 10 minutes

4.      For diesel motor–driven pumps, do not shut down the pump until it has run for 30 minutes

8.3.3.11

Where simultaneous operation of multiple pumps is required to meet the water-based system demand for flow and pressure, the requirements of 8.3.3.10(2) shall be repeated at each flow condition with all pumps operating simultaneously.

8.3.3.12

For installations having a pressure relief valve, the operation of the relief valve shall be closely observed during each flow condition to determine whether the pump discharge pressure exceeds the normal operating pressure of the system components.

8.3.3.12.1

The pressure relief valve shall also be observed during each flow condition to determine whether the pressure relief valve closes at the proper pressure.

8.3.3.12.2

The pressure relief valve shall be closed during flow conditions if necessary to achieve minimum rated characteristics for the pump and reset to normal position at the conclusion of the pump test.

8.3.3.12.2.1

When it is necessary to close the relief valve to achieve minimum rated characteristics for the pump, the pump discharge control valve shall be closed if the pump churn pressure exceeds the system rated pressure.

8.3.3.12.3

When pressure relief valves are piped back to the fire pump suction, the temperature of the recirculating water shall be monitored to verify that it remains below temperatures that could result in equipment damage as defined by the pump and engine manufacturers.

8.3.3.13

For installations having an automatic transfer switch, the following test shall be performed to ensure that the overcurrent protective devices (i.e., fuses or circuit breakers) do not open:

1.      Simulate a power failure condition while the pump is operating at peak load

2.      Verify that the transfer switch transfers power to the alternate power source

3.      While the pump is operating at peak load and alternate power, record the following to include in the pump test results:

a.      The voltage where an external means is provided on the controller

b.     The amperage where an external means is provided on the controller

c.      The rpm

d.     Suction pressure

e.      Discharge pressure

4.      Verify that the pump continues to perform at peak horsepower load on the alternate power source for a minimum of 2 minutes

5.      Remove the power failure condition and verify that, after a time delay, the pump is reconnected to the normal power source

8.3.3.14

Alarm conditions shall be simulated by activating alarm circuits at alarm sensor locations and confirmed for proper operation.

8.3.3.14.1

Alarm sensors located within electric motor–driven fire pump controllers that cannot be accessed without opening an energized electric motor–driven fire pump controller shall be tested at an alternative location outside of the controller.

8.3.3.15 Safety.

(See also A.‍4.9.6.)

             A.4.9.6 WARNING: NFPA 20 includes electrical requirements that discourage the   installation of a disconnect means in the power supply to electric motor-driven fire           pumps. This is intended to ensure the availability of power to the fire pumps. Where            equipment connected to those circuits is serviced or maintained, the service       person            could be subject to unusual exposure to electrical and other hazards. It could be necessary to establish special safe work practices and to use safeguards or             personal protective clothing, or both. See also NFPA 70E for additional safety             guidance.

8.3.3.15.1

Section 4.9 shall be followed for safety requirements while working near electric motor–driven fire pumps.

8.3.3.16 Suction Screens.

After the waterflow portions of the annual test or fire protection system activations, the suction screens shall be inspected and cleared of any debris or obstructions.

8.3.3.17

Where engines utilize electronic fuel management control systems, the backup electronic control module (ECM) and the primary and redundant sensors for the ECM shall be tested annually.

8.3.4 Diesel Fuel Testing and Maintenance.

8.3.4.1

Diesel fuel shall be tested for degradation at least annually.

8.3.4.1.1

Fuel degradation testing shall include, at a minimum, fuel quality testing for stored fuel as specified in ASTM D975, Standard Specification for Diesel Fuel, or ASTM D6751, Standard Specification for Biodiesel Fuel Blend Stock (B100) for Middle Distillate Fuels, depending on the fuel type, as approved by the engine manufacturer.

8.3.4.2

If diesel fuel is found to be deficient in the testing required in 8.3.4.1.1, the fuel shall be reconditioned or replaced, the supply tank shall be cleaned internally, and the engine fuel filter(s) shall be changed.

8.3.4.2.1

After the restoration of the fuel and tank in 8.3.4.2, the fuel shall be retested every 6 months until experience indicates the fuel can be stored for a minimum of 1 year without degradation beyond that allowed in 8.3.4.1.1.

8.3.4.3

When provided, active fuel maintenance systems shall be listed for fire pump service.

8.3.4.3.1

Maintenance of active fuel maintenance systems shall be in accordance with the manufacturer’s recommendations.

8.3.4.3.2

Maintenance of active fuel maintenance systems shall be performed at a minimum annual frequency for any portion of the system that the manufacturer does not provide a recommended maintenance frequency.

8.3.4.3.3

Where utilized, fuel additives shall be used and maintained in accordance with the active fuel maintenance system manufacturer’s recommendations.

8.3.5 Positive Displacement Pumps. [20:14.2.6.4.3]

8.3.5.1

Except as provided in 8.3.5.1 through 8.3.5.7, positive displacement pumps shall be tested in accordance with 8.3.1 through 8.3.3.

8.3.5.2

The pump flow for positive displacement pumps shall be tested and determined to meet the specified rated performance criteria where only one performance point is required to establish positive displacement pump acceptability. [20:14.2.6.4.3.1]

8.3.5.3

The pump flow test for positive displacement pumps shall be accomplished using a flowmeter or orifice plate instal⁠led in a test loop back to the supply tank, to the inlet side of a positive displacement water pump, or to drain. [20:14.2.6.4.3.2]

8.3.5.4

The flowmeter reading or discharge pressure shall be recorded and shall be in accordance with the pump manufacturer’s flow performance data. [20:14.2.6.4.3.3]

8.3.5.5

If orifice plates are used, the orifice size and corresponding discharge pressure to be maintained on the upstream side of the orifice plate shall be made available to the authority having jurisdiction. [20:14.2.6.4.3.4]

8.3.5.6

Flow rates shall be as specified while operating at the system design pressure. Tests shall be performed in accordance with HI 3.6, Rotary Pump Tests. [20:14.2.6.4.3.5]

8.3.5.7

Positive displacement pumps intended to pump liquids other than water shall be permitted to be tested with water; however, the pump performance will be affected, and manufacturer’s calculations shall be provided showing the difference in viscosity between water and the system liquid. [20:14.2.6.4.3.6]

8.3.5.8 Annual Activation Test for Water Mist Positive Displacement Pumping Units.

8.3.5.8.1

Annually, an automatic activation test for systems with automatic nozzles shall be conducted using a test connection that simulates the smallest system nozzle in the hydraulically most remote area discharged at system maintenance pressure/standby pressure.

8.3.5.8.2

The pumping unit shall achieve the system design discharge pressure within the time specified in the listing but not greater than 60 seconds after the start of flow from the smallest nozzle.

8.3.6 Other Tests.

8.3.6.1

Engine generator sets supplying emergency or standby power to fire pump assemblies shall be tested routinely in accordance with NFPA 110.

8.3.6.2

Automatic transfer switches shall be tested routinely and exercised in accordance with NFPA 110.

8.3.6.3

Tests of appropriate environmental pump room space conditions (e.g., heating, ventilation, illumination) shall be made to ensure proper manual or automatic operation of the associated equipment.

8.3.6.4

Parallel and angular alignment of the pump and driver shall be inspected during the annual test, and any misalignment shall be corrected.

8.3.7 Test Results and Evaluation.

8.3.7.1 Data Interpretation.

8.3.7.1.1

The interpretation of the net flow test performance relative to the manufacturer's original performance shall be the basis for determining acceptable performance of the pump assembly.

8.3.7.1.1.1

The interpretation of the gross flow test performance relative to acceptably meeting the demands of all connected fire protection systems shall be the basis for determining acceptable performance of the pump assembly and connected water supply.

8.3.7.1.2

Qualified personnel shall interpret the test results.

8.3.7.1.3

Where applicable, speed and velocity pressure adjustments shall be applied to the net pressure and flow data obtained to determine compliance with 8.3.7.2.3(3).

8.3.7.2 Evaluation of Fire Pump Test Results.

8.3.7.2.1

The fire pump test results shall be evaluated in accordance with 8.3.7.2.2 through 8.3.7.2.9.

8.3.7.2.2

Increasing the engine speed beyond the rated speed of the pump shall not be permitted as a method for meeting the rated pump performance.

8.3.7.2.3

The fire pump test results shall be considered acceptable if all of the following conditions are satisfied:

1.      Fire pump meets the flow and pressure requirements of the most demanding system(s) supplied by the fire pump based on owner-provided system design information

2.      Fire pump supplies 100 percent of rated flow

3.      Net pressure at each flow point is at least 95 percent of one of the following:

a.      Original manufacturer's pump curve

b.     Original unadjusted field test curve

c.      Test curve generated from the fire pump nameplate

4.      Requirements of 8.1.5 are met

8.3.7.2.4

The following actions shall be required upon failure to meet the criteria in 8.3.7.2.3:

1.      The owner shall be notified in writing of the unacceptable test results.

2.      An investigation shall be conducted into the cause of the unacceptable test results.

3.      Failure to provide the maximum system demand shall be deemed an impairment.

4.      Excessive vibration and/or excessively worn or loose components shall be deemed a deficiency.

5.      Degraded performance that still provides the maximum system demand shall be deemed a noncritical deficiency.

6.      The owner shall be notified in writing of corrections completed.

8.3.7.2.5

For electric motor–driven fire pumps operating at constant speed, the current at each flow rate test point and at each phase shall not exceed the product of the electric motor service factor and the full-load amperage rating of the motor.

8.3.7.2.6

Where the current at each flow rate test point and at each phase exceeds the product of the electric motor service factor and the full-load amperage rating of the motor, the source of the problem shall be identified and corrected.

8.3.7.2.7

For electric motor–driven fire pumps operating at varying voltage, the product of the test voltage and the current at each test point and on each phase shall not exceed the product of the voltage and the full-load current times the motor service factor.

8.3.7.2.8

Where the product of the test voltage and the current at each test point and on each phase exceeds the product of the voltage and the full-load current times the motor service factor, the source of the problem shall be identified and corrected.

8.3.7.2.9

Voltage readings at the motor within 5 percent below or 10 percent above the rated (i.e., nameplate) voltage shall be considered acceptable.

8.3.7.2.10

A written or electronic record of the results of the investigation and the corrective action shall be prepared and maintained by the owner.

8.4 Reports.

8.4.1

A complete written report of the fire pump test results shall be prepared for and retained by the owner.

8.4.1.1

At a minimum, the report shall contain the following information:

1.      All raw data necessary for a complete evaluation of the fire pump performance, including suction and discharge pressures, voltage and amperage readings to the extent that such work can be completed without opening an energized electric motor–driven fire pump controller, and pump speed at each flow rate tested

2.      Fire protection system demand as furnished by the owner

3.      Pump performance, whether satisfactory or unsatisfactory

4.      Deficiencies noted during the testing and identified during analysis, with recommendations to address deficiencies as appropriate

5.      Manufacturer’s performance data, actual performance, and the available pump discharge curves required by this standard

6.      Time delay intervals associated with the pump’s starting, stopping, and energy source transfer

7.      Where applicable, comparison with previous test results

8.5 Maintenance.

8.5.1

A preventive maintenance program shall be established on all components of the pump assembly in accordance with the manufacturer’s recommendations or an approved alternative maintenance plan.

8.5.2

Records shall be maintained on all work performed on the pump, driver, controller, and auxiliary equipment.

8.5.3

The preventive maintenance program shall be initiated immediately after the pump assembly has passed acceptance tests.

8.6 Component Replacement Testing Requirements.

8.6.1

Whenever a component in a fire pump is adjusted, repaired, rebuilt, or replaced, the tests required to restore the system to service shall be performed in accordance with Table 8.6.1.

8.6.2

NFPA 20 shall be consulted for the minimum requirements for design, installation, and acceptance testing.

8.6.3

Replacement parts shall be provided that will maintain the listing for the fire pump component assembly whenever possible.

8.6.3.1

If the part is no longer available from the original equipment manufacturer, then an approved like part shall be permitted to be used.